![]() ![]() Efforts to nationalise its fossil fuel supply led to an Anglo-American coup in 1953. The early 20th century saw the Persian Constitutional Revolution. Under the reign of Nader Shah in the 18th century, Iran presided over the most powerful military in the world, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. ![]() In the 16th century, the native Safavids re-established a unified Iranian state. Over the next two centuries, a series of native Iranian Muslim dynasties emerged before the Seljuk and the Mongols conquered the region. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century AD, leading to its Islamization Iran thereafter became a major center of Islamic culture and learning. An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BC, which was succeeded in the third century AD by the Sasanian Empire. Alexander the Great conquered the empire in the fourth century BC, and it was subsequently divided into several Hellenistic states. It was first unified by the Medes in the seventh century BC and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BC, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BC. Its capital and largest city is Tehran with around 16 million people in its metropolitan area. Iran has around 90 million people, making it the world's 17th most populous country. It covers an area of 1.648 million square kilometers (0.64 million square miles), making it the world's 17th-largest country. It is bordered by Iraq to the west and Turkey to the northwest, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. Iran, also known as Persia and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in West Asia. You may need rendering support to display the Persian text in this article correctly. ![]()
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